Prized for its sturdy skin and juicy arils, the pomegranate became one of the first cultivated fruits and was so essential to daily life that it gained near mythical status.
The pomegranate features richly in mythology, as a symbol of birth, eternal life, and death, owing to its abundance of seeds and ability to 'bleed'. The deep red skin of the pomegranate was thought to link it to the blood of the earth, a taboo colour which also gave the fruit an association with forbidden desire.
From the Middle East the pomegranate made its way to China via the Silk Road, and on to India and Palestine, where its legendary status continued to grow. The pomegranate became known as a precious fruit bringing peace, whilst, according to legend, it was believed that one aril in every pomegranate had descended directly from Paradise.
Ancient lore has it that in Greek and Egyptian mythology the pomegranate was revered as a symbol of both immortality and the passing of the seasons. Egyptians often buried pomegranates with their dead, whilst King Tut took a silver pomegranate vase into the afterlife with him.
The original Phoenician settlers of Carthage, on the coast of North Africa, introduced the pomegranate to Ancient Rome where it was known by the name Punicum Malum or Phoenician apple. Pomegranates were depicted in mosaics, and married women wore headresses made of pomegranate twigs to show off their marital status.
By the time it reached Europe, the pomegranate had become so steeped in mysticism and folklore that in many ways its nutritional value had almost been forgotten. Instead the fruit became the fascination of artists and writers and featured in religious, mythological and heraldic texts and imagery.
During the Age of Discovery, Spanish missionaries planted the first pomegranate trees in the New World but it was not until the end of the 20th century that the West embraced the fruit as a healthy and versatile food source.
Below is the myth of the Greek goddess Persephone and the pomegranite.
Persephone was the daughter of the goddess Demeter. One day Persephone was dancing with her friends in a sunny meadow, having a good time, picking flowers.
Suddenly Persephone's spooky uncle Hades burst out of the ground and grabbed her and pulled her into his chariot! He took Persephone (purr-SEFF-oh-nee) under the ground to his kingdom, the land of the dead, and told her that he wanted her to be the Queen of the Underworld and marry him.
Persephone was very sad there under the ground. She wanted to go up into the sunshine again. But Hades would not let her. Persephone was so sad that she would not eat nor drink.
But Hades said he would only give Persephone back if she had really not eaten or drunk anything from the land of the dead. Persephone had not eaten much, but it turned out she HAD eaten six pomegranate seeds. So they agreed that Persephone could spend six months a year above ground with her mother, but she would have to spend the other six months in the land of the dead with her uncle/husband. And that is how it has been since then, according to the story: that's why we have the seasons.
There are a lot of Greek and West Asian stories that are like this one. Compare for instance the story of Dionysos, or the story of Tammuz or Attis from West Asia, or Osiris from Egypt, or the story of Jesus, who also died and rose again from the dead.
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